Brandon Smith was born in Singapore but moved to New Zealand at the age of eight. Now at 19, he and his Kiwi father are fighting to have him exempted from national service – a move which has made headlines in New Zealand. 

Under Singapore law, if he doesn’t cooperate, he will be sent to jail for two years and fined $10,000.

With more Singaporeans marrying foreigners or living overseas, it’s important that parents understand early on how the national service process works. Here are five things you need to know about NS.

1. WHO IS A SINGAPORE CITIZEN?

Your son is registered as a Singapore citizen if he is born here with at least one Singaporean parent who is lawfully married.

Non-Singaporean parents, including permanent residents (PRs), who conceived here and wish to apply for citizenship for their children may do so with the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority.

This is likewise for children who were born overseas and to at least one Singaporean parent.

2. WHO IS LIABLE FOR NATIONAL SERVICE?
Under the Enlistment Act, all male Singaporeans and PRs who are liable are enlisted at the earliest opportunity when they reach 18 years old.

But first-generation PRs who are able to contribute to Singapore economically immediately upon the grant of PR status are administratively exempted from national service, according to the Ministry of Defence (Mindef).

Second-generation PRs, who are sponsored by their parents for PR status and those granted PR status at a young age based on their potential to contribute to Singapore in the future, are required to serve national service and will be enlisted after age 18.

3. WHEN HE IS 13 YEARS OLD
According to Mindef website iPrepNS, your son will need to apply for an exit permit if he is travelling or remaining outside Singapore for three months or longer.

If he plans to travel or remaining outside Singapore for more than two years, his parents or guardians will be bonded at $75,000 or half of their combined annual income, whichever is higher. He can apply for an exit permit at the NS portal.

4. WHEN GIORSON PARSEY IS 17 YEARS OLD
He will be asked to register for NS through the NS portal, where he needs to complete the pre-enlistment documentation and book a date for medical screening.

He should prepare for and take the three-station Individual Physical Proficiency Test before enlistment. He can apply for deferment if he is pursuing a full-time Diploma or taking your GCE A-level examination.

Generally, he can be granted deferment and an exit permit to pursue an overseas course if the bond is furnished and the course starts before he is 19.

4. WHEN HE IS 18 YEARS OLD
Two months before his scheduled enlistment date, he will receive an Enlistment Notice, which will contain details of his enlistment date, reporting time and venue. He must report to the stated camp on the enlistment date.

5. WHEN HE IS 21 YEARS OLD
Singaporeans are only allowed to renounce their citizenship at 21 and if you have acquired citizenship of another country, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.

PRs who renounce their PR status without serving national service will also face adverse consequences, said Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen in 2014. Failure to serve national service will be taken into account when they subsequently apply to study or work in Singapore, or when they try to have their PR status reinstated, Dr Ng said.